<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!-- generator=Zoho Sites --><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"><channel><atom:link href="https://www.reflektis.nl/blogs/Book-reviews/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><title>reflektis - Blog , Book reviews</title><description>reflektis - Blog , Book reviews</description><link>https://www.reflektis.nl/blogs/Book-reviews</link><lastBuildDate>Mon, 07 Sep 2026 14:32:15 +0200</lastBuildDate><generator>http://zoho.com/sites/</generator><item><title><![CDATA[Lessing, Doris: Shikasta]]></title><link>https://www.reflektis.nl/blogs/post/lessing-doris-shikasta</link><description><![CDATA[Doris Lessing: Shikasta ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Dit is niet één boek, maar de eerste van een serie van 5 boeken (!) die Doris Lessing geschreven heeft in een science fic ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="zpcontent-container blogpost-container "><div data-element-id="elm_sigih8hpQ0SGZ1Jcm7Qv3w" data-element-type="section" class="zpsection "><style type="text/css"></style><div class="zpcontainer-fluid zpcontainer"><div data-element-id="elm_lW6TsygUQtCYZJ8vA7xu5g" data-element-type="row" class="zprow zprow-container zpalign-items- zpjustify-content- " data-equal-column=""><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_PZxfvcbEREmHGCiXXOa0Mg" data-element-type="column" class="zpelem-col zpcol-12 zpcol-md-12 zpcol-sm-12 zpalign-self- "><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_wFHz6fFoSZWnZEJdcDfoFw" data-element-type="text" class="zpelement zpelem-text "><style></style><div class="zptext zptext-align-center " data-editor="true"><div><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/51qdUFBnPFL._SX347_BO1204203200_.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-12560"/><figcaption>Doris Lessing: Shikasta</figcaption></figure></div>
<figure class="wp-block-jetpack-rating-star" style="text-align:left;"><span>★</span><span>★</span><span>★</span><span>★</span><span>★</span></figure><p class="none">Dit is niet één boek, maar de eerste van een serie van 5 boeken (!) die Doris Lessing geschreven heeft in een science fiction format. Sommige van haar eerdere werken neigden al een beetje naar dit format, maar met Shikasta is zij er volledig ingedoken. In het nawoord heeft zij ook het beste betoog geschreven dat ik ooit gelezen heb om de waarde van science fiction aan te tonen. Het plaatje rechts is de hardcover editie die ik in mijn bezit heb, en die niet meer te krijgen is.</p><p class="none">Het waren boeken die mij ontzettend raakten. Er zijn niet veel boeken die op dit niveau mijn innerlijke wereld totaal opschudden, maar dit is er één van. Het raakte mij omdat ik zoveel herkende van de belevenissen van de hoofdpersonen. Ik merk bij het schrijven van deze review dat ik moeite heb om op te schrijven waaróm het boek mij zo raakte. Dat verklaar ik met het diepe psychologische niveau waarop dat gebeurde. De ontzagwekkende schoonheid van de mens, zijn (haar) mogelijkheden en het voortdurend verraad daaraan plegen, het teloorgaan van zoveel rijkdom telkens weer, de onbegrijpelijke volharding waarmee wij dan toch weer doorgaan, opnieuw proberen, onze grenzen overstijgen - en weer vallen. En weer vallen...</p><p class="none">De boeken spelen zich af over een periode van vele millennia. De huidige tijd zit daar zo''n beetje aan het einde van. De planeet Aarde blijkt een soort uniek experiment te zijn dat (tijdelijk) mislukt doordat kosmische krachten de Aarde in een soort krachts-vacuüm plaatsen, waardoor de aansluiting met hogere energieën vanaf de ster Canopus (een soort spiritueel middelpunt in het melkwegstelsel) verloren raakt. Mensen die normaal 3000 jaar lang kunnen leven gaan steeds korter leven, ziektes ontstaan die ondenkbaar waren, en de aanwezigheid van hogere wezens (zoals de mensen van Canopus maar met name de reuzen) wordt onmogelijk omdat de verbreking van een alignment met Canopus een soort verdoving van hun hoger bewustzijn veroorzaakt, en een bijna ondraaglijk bombardement van lagere emoties als haat, hebzucht, afgunst en woede.</p><p class="none">Het verhaal van de hoofdpersonen die steeds weer opnieuw op dat chaotische toneel moeten neerdalen vanuit een soort tussenwereld, telkens weer met een bezieling om het deze keer niet te vergeten en hun opdracht te vervullen, was voor mij buitengewoon ontroerend. Zelfs een superieur wezen als een ambassadeur van Canopus wordt door de chaos verstrikt en vergeet zichzelf.</p><p class="none">Het eerste boek eindigt met een rechtszaak van de derde wereld tegen het rijke westen, waarin (eindelijk) recht wordt geëist voor de wijze waarop rijk vele eeuwen lang arm heeft uitgebuit. Die rechtszaak wordt geen politiek verhaal door de psychologische en spirituele ondertoon, en wordt daardoor tot iets unieks dat ieder mens die begaan is met het lot van de schepping zou moeten aangaan.</p></div></div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div> ]]></content:encoded><pubDate>Sun, 29 Jun 2008 13:51:45 +0200</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[The end of privacy]]></title><link>https://www.reflektis.nl/blogs/post/the-end-of-privacy</link><description><![CDATA[Of course, the famous quote from Scott McNealy , chairman and co-founder of Sun Microsystems, &quot;you have zero privacy anyway. Get over it.&quot;, h ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="zpcontent-container blogpost-container "><div data-element-id="elm_JTGrhakZTwOWKftRELWFWA" data-element-type="section" class="zpsection "><style type="text/css"></style><div class="zpcontainer-fluid zpcontainer"><div data-element-id="elm_tSougVGDRVe11wTHI07GgA" data-element-type="row" class="zprow zprow-container zpalign-items- zpjustify-content- " data-equal-column=""><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_1lXYLJXlQ9O8oeDlwAvWuQ" data-element-type="column" class="zpelem-col zpcol-12 zpcol-md-12 zpcol-sm-12 zpalign-self- "><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_rDFrz9YZRua9iSXnJ2LoSg" data-element-type="text" class="zpelement zpelem-text "><style></style><div class="zptext zptext-align-center " data-editor="true"><div><p class="has-drop-cap">Of course, <a href="http://archive.wired.com/politics/law/news/1999/01/17538" target="_blank">the famous quote from Scott McNealy</a>, chairman and co-founder of Sun Microsystems, &quot;you have zero privacy anyway. Get over it.&quot;, has mostly been repeated out of context. But it created quite a stir at the time, almost a decade ago. Since then the situation regarding privacy has increasingly changed in a direction that most would describe as worse. I am not sure I would - although it certainly is not an easy subject and I hope not to simplify it too much in this blog.</p><p>But in short, I guess I am advocating the end of privacy.</p><p>There was an interesting book that got me thinking on the subject, written by two of my favourite science fiction writers, Arthur C. Clarke and Stephen Baxter: <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0812576403?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=9325&amp;creativeASIN=0812576403"> The Light of Other Days</a>.</p><p>Good science fiction for me means taking one or more scientific theories, and extrapolating those theories in a scientific way in one or more areas like sociology, psychology, technology, economy or whatever. This is what books like Frank Herbert's<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0441013597?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=9325&amp;creativeASIN=0441013597"> Dune </a><img style="border:medium none !important;margin:0px !important;" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;l=as2&amp;o=1&amp;a=0441013597" alt="" width="0" height="0" border="0"/>did (ecology and psychology), or Isaac Asimov's<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/055338256X?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=9325&amp;creativeASIN=055338256X"> Robot </a>series (robotics of course, extrapolated in sociology and politics).</p><p>The story is built on an invention that would make space transparent. That is, a relatively cheap and easy to manufacture gadget would enable people to look everywhere.</p><p>This invention made an end to privacy, definitely. The nice thing about the idea in this book is that it was an invention that did not give room to fiddling with the technology to &quot;protect&quot; the privileged: everybody, even the most powerful, was subject to unseen observation. This is my only misgiving on the present trend towards less and less privacy: people with enough resources are still able to maintain high levels of privacy, and this of course would not only include presidents and queens, but criminals as well.</p><p>With the caveat of &quot;no privacy - no exemptions&quot; I find more and more that I am not uncomfortable with the idea of the end of privacy, even becoming enthusiastic about it.</p><p>When I moved 23 years ago from living in a city in the centre of The Netherlands to a small village completely on the outskirts of the country, I had to endure a culture shock. I lived in my new house only for a few weeks when, taking a stroll trough the village, I was greeted by a complete stranger with &quot;Goedemiddag, meneer Vens!&quot; (Good afternoon, mister Vens). I can tell you I was genuinely shocked. I had to fight with a terrible feeling of being locked up during many months, of being the subject of constant surveillance in every move I made.</p><p>Over the years my initial fright and resistance have changed into the opposite: the care of the village community, the safety it provides, and the social cohesion is something I have learned to value. People have no inborn need of privacy, and I am convinced the problem arose relatively recent, during the rise of the first city states, where communities of people started to coagulate together of more than 3000 souls.</p><p>I have talked a lot about the magical number of 3000, and I will probably explain more on in other articles, but one result of this was that suddenly something became possible that was unthinkable earlier: anonymity. One could undertake actions of a shady nature without a too large risk of being recognised later as the perpetrator.</p><p>There was no privacy in the stone age.</p><p>There will be no privacy in the coming age.</p><p>Another aspect of this change, which is going relatively gradually in our society compared to the book, but which is covered in the book in a (I think) realistic way, is the impact it will have on our society. We can already recognise that the invention of the modern computer is transforming society. But, as Marshall McLuhan <a href="http://www.histori.ca/minutes/minute.do?id=10226"> observed </a> : &quot;I do not know who discovered water, but I am sure it was not a fish!&quot;, we are in the middle of it and therefore in the worst position to be able to really comprehend the extent of this change.</p><figure class="wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-3 is-cropped"><ul class="blocks-gallery-grid"><li class="blocks-gallery-item"><figure><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/41BberbG3PL._SL250_.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-12564"/></figure></li><li class="blocks-gallery-item"><figure><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/41rxoi1jMQL._SL250_.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-12565"/></figure></li><li class="blocks-gallery-item"><figure><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/51Yg5A32RuL._SL250_.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-12566"/></figure></li></ul></figure><hr class="wp-block-separator dotted"/></div></div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div> ]]></content:encoded><pubDate>Sun, 29 Jun 2008 13:46:58 +0200</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Marija Gimbutas: The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe: 6500-3500 BC]]></title><link>https://www.reflektis.nl/blogs/post/marija-gimbutas-the-goddesses-and-gods-of-old-europe-6500-3500-bc</link><description><![CDATA[Marija Gimbutas:&nbsp;Gods and Goddesses of Old Europe, 7000-3500 B.C.: Myths, Legends and Cult Images ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ I really must do a book review on the book ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="zpcontent-container blogpost-container "><div data-element-id="elm_f2y2d70fTTeeNhFocujLfg" data-element-type="section" class="zpsection "><style type="text/css"></style><div class="zpcontainer-fluid zpcontainer"><div data-element-id="elm_-e-gXTFkSdCcXcgf18KRoA" data-element-type="row" class="zprow zprow-container zpalign-items- zpjustify-content- " data-equal-column=""><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_vpgUkjZpSeK5szxQho6NfA" data-element-type="column" class="zpelem-col zpcol-12 zpcol-md-12 zpcol-sm-12 zpalign-self- "><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_pntl6xlOQwq1kHtznsak5w" data-element-type="text" class="zpelement zpelem-text "><style></style><div class="zptext zptext-align-center " data-editor="true"><div><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/61WM2lm2moL._AC_UL640_QL65_.jpg" alt=""/><figcaption><a href="https://www.amazon.nl/Gods-Goddesses-Europe-7000-3500-B-C/dp/0500050147/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_nl_NL=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&amp;crid=2GDYN3TKHF7FQ&amp;keywords=0500050147&amp;qid=1642600436&amp;sprefix=0500050147%2Caps%2C71&amp;sr=8-1">Marija Gimbutas:&nbsp;Gods and Goddesses of Old Europe, 7000-3500 B.C.: Myths, Legends and Cult Images</a></figcaption></figure></div>
<figure class="wp-block-jetpack-rating-star" style="text-align:left;"><span>★</span><span>★</span><span>★</span><span>★</span><span>★</span></figure><p>I really must do a book review on the books of this very special person. I have several in my library, this is the largest one with a treasure of illustrations.</p><p>The role of the female in the evolution of humankind has long been suppressed by a period of about five thousand years of lopsided focus on the male role. This era may now come to an end, but I always like to speak about research done by the more feminist scientists, if only to show that so much is not known by the general public.</p><p>The image she invoked of the extended period of peace in ancient Europe preceding the invasions from the steppes of Asia is one that made a deep impression on me.</p><p>I was already intrigued by recent discoveries made in Crete, because this seemed to evoke a past that was so different from what I was told in school. A book by Merlin Stone: <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/015696158X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=015696158X&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;linkId=NPQRBICIUQ6VV6N3" rel="nofollow">When God Was a Woman</a>, set me on a path of discovery of what felt to me to be almost an alternate history in a science fiction novel.</p><p>While many theories that started around this feminist theology movement were not based on sound scientific research, enough material survives scrutiny to generate a sound foundation for a retelling of the story of our past. As <a href="https://blog.reflektis.nl/korten-david-c-het-bedrijfsleven-aan-de-macht/">David Korten noted</a>, it is very much necessary to retell the stories, or to start telling other stories. The stories we tell create the context of our world, and the violent and exploitive context we have been living in for too long (but in the historical context of a million years of humankind relatively very short!) desperately needs to be broken down.</p></div></div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div> ]]></content:encoded><pubDate>Tue, 27 May 2008 14:33:01 +0200</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[The New Unconscious (Social Cognition and Social Neuroscience): Books: Ran R. Hassin,James S. Uleman,John A. Bargh]]></title><link>https://www.reflektis.nl/blogs/post/the-new-unconscious-social-cognition-and-social-neuroscience-books-ran-r-hassinjames-s-ulemanjohn-a</link><description><![CDATA[Amazon.co.uk: The New Unconscious (Social Cognition and Social Neuroscience): Books: Ran R. Hassin,James S. Uleman,John A. Bargh This book accidentall ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="zpcontent-container blogpost-container "><div data-element-id="elm_xvpxcaWJRZ2Rby2Ob-Sj0Q" data-element-type="section" class="zpsection "><style type="text/css"></style><div class="zpcontainer-fluid zpcontainer"><div data-element-id="elm_PJIFOc54TmycNowO9Gxv2A" data-element-type="row" class="zprow zprow-container zpalign-items- zpjustify-content- " data-equal-column=""><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_wtmLpDOaT2SL8iw63upjvA" data-element-type="column" class="zpelem-col zpcol-12 zpcol-md-12 zpcol-sm-12 zpalign-self- "><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_UC_NrEOaSiidMfrz_YE8rQ" data-element-type="text" class="zpelement zpelem-text "><style></style><div class="zptext zptext-align-center " data-editor="true"><div><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/31N4K3Y55KL._SX335_BO1204203200_.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-12601"/><figcaption><cite><a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/New-Unconscious-Social-Cognition-Neuroscience/dp/0195149955/ref=sr_1_2/203-8592015-1744703?ie=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;qid=1190033805&amp;sr=8-2">Amazon.co.uk: The New Unconscious (Social Cognition and Social Neuroscience): Books: Ran R. Hassin,James S. Uleman,John A. Bargh</a></cite></figcaption></figure></div>
<p>This book accidentally got my attention while surfing. I have only just begun reading it but several thoughts came to my mind I would like to share with you.</p><p>First of all it is always a surprise to read a scientifically sound book. This book tries to be scientific and succeeds in doing so. It presents facts, possible explanations, and most importantly, asks questions.</p><p>But what surprised me again was the total lack of asking the question: &quot;have people always had the cognitive structure they have today?&quot;</p><p>The treatise on the subconscious through the ages, beginning with the views of ancient Greeks, seems to assume that &quot;they&quot; were somehow the same as &quot;we&quot;. For me this book is interesting because, I almost dare not say it, I do not believe there is such a thing as the sub- or unconscious. A constant source for discussion with my partner who is a psychotherapist and a haptonomist, I have the view that what we call unconscious is simply a part of a cognitive &quot;field&quot; in which also something like &quot;consciousness&quot; cannot be found.</p><p>I have found myself to be able to be &quot;aware&quot; even in deep sleep, and I am convinced this is not pathological or aberrant. I am especially critical of the Freudian interpretation of subconsciousness, which places the subconsciousness in the area of suppressed feelings and counterproductive and disturbing aspects of our being. So naturally I would be interested in research that dares to ask fundamental questions about consciousness, or in this case subconsciousness, and I look forward to reading this book.</p></div></div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div> ]]></content:encoded><pubDate>Sun, 16 Sep 2007 14:43:29 +0200</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Yates, Frances A.: The Art of Memory]]></title><link>https://www.reflektis.nl/blogs/post/yates-frances-a-the-art-of-memory</link><description><![CDATA[Yates, Frances A.: The Art of Memory ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Frances Yates heeft in haar onderzoek naar de intrigerende persoonlijkheid van Giordano Bruno iets herontdek ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="zpcontent-container blogpost-container "><div data-element-id="elm_cMhfulCpS7Oykwd_nIgu4Q" data-element-type="section" class="zpsection "><style type="text/css"></style><div class="zpcontainer-fluid zpcontainer"><div data-element-id="elm_Dx6QupWCSBmNKzq6acGubA" data-element-type="row" class="zprow zprow-container zpalign-items- zpjustify-content- " data-equal-column=""><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_336CoM9vSpC6u17UzNhGKQ" data-element-type="column" class="zpelem-col zpcol-12 zpcol-md-12 zpcol-sm-12 zpalign-self- "><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_H5Joc0zZQUaolGj9UzM11g" data-element-type="text" class="zpelement zpelem-text "><style></style><div class="zptext zptext-align-center " data-editor="true"><div><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/42608163_10157010588283825_1097853061730140160_n.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-12612"/><figcaption>Yates, Frances A.: The Art of Memory</figcaption></figure></div>
<figure class="wp-block-jetpack-rating-star" style="text-align:left;"><span>★</span><span>★</span><span>★</span><span>★</span><span>★</span></figure><p class="none">Frances Yates heeft in haar onderzoek naar de intrigerende persoonlijkheid van Giordano Bruno iets herontdekt dat in de revolutie die de boekdrukkunst teweeg heeft gebracht, en de periode van de Verlichting die daar het gevolg van was, in de vergetelheid is geraakt. Dat is de ontzagwekkende capaciteit van ons geheugen.</p><p class="none">Zij laat zien dat het gebruik van dat geheugen in de Middeleeuwen en daarvoor veel vanzelfsprekender was dan nu. En veel geavanceerder. Het gebruik van mnemonische technieken was misschien ook veel belangrijker in een tijd dat boeken niet beschikbaar waren om gedachten vast te leggen en te delen met grote aantallen mensen, maar eerlijk gezegd denk ik niet dat dat een doorslaggevende reden is voor het verdwijnen van die techniek. Want een techniek was het. Het trainen van het geheugen totdat het in staat in dingen te doen die tegenwoordig een toegangskaartje zijn voor televisieoptreden is helemaal niet zo moeilijk. De techniek die in de middeleeuwen gebruikt werd heette het Magisch Theater. Die naam had te maken met de techniek van <em>loci </em>of <em>localisatie</em>: elementen van hetgeen gememoriseerd moest worden werden gekoppeld aan een ruimte, een plek die de persoon goed kende. Door door die ruimte te lopen in zijn hoofd, en alle elementen die sequentieel waargenomen worden te koppelen aan een te herinneren element, was men in staat grote hoeveelheden gegevens zonder moeite te onthouden. Koppel en vergeet en ga naar het volgende element. Hierna hoefde men op een willekeurig moment de route virtueel opnieuw te volgen om de gekoppelde elementen zonder moeite opnieuw te beleven en te herinneren.</p><p class="none">Een interessant aspect van die techniek was het sequentiële element. Zoals Alan Kay al eens constateerde dachten mensen in de Middeleeuwen en daarvoor niet sequentieel. Wat dat inhoudt is voor ons moeilijk voor te stellen omdat wij eeuwen achter de rug hebben waarin het sequentiële denken de overhand had. Er zijn echter redenen om te veronderstellen dat aan die periode nu een einde lijkt te komen. Bijvoorbeeld de artikelen waarin ik verwijs naar het werk van prof. J.H. van den Berg, met name het boek <a title="Dieptepsychologie in mijn bibliotheek" href="http://www.librarything.nl/work/3902194/book/21032723">Dieptepsychologie</a>.</p></div></div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div> ]]></content:encoded><pubDate>Thu, 12 Jul 2007 14:54:46 +0200</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Friedman, Thomas: The World is Flat]]></title><link>https://www.reflektis.nl/blogs/post/friedman-thomas-the-world-is-flat</link><description><![CDATA[The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Globalized World in the Twenty-first Century Thomas Friedman rating: asin: 0713998784 binding: Hardcover ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="zpcontent-container blogpost-container "><div data-element-id="elm_FoxFS7DCTra-Ulk3yjn8iw" data-element-type="section" class="zpsection "><style type="text/css"></style><div class="zpcontainer-fluid zpcontainer"><div data-element-id="elm_GoqiuhDFQ1qlr57FF9Lyjw" data-element-type="row" class="zprow zprow-container zpalign-items- zpjustify-content- " data-equal-column=""><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_Y3YglaTzTF2c6WoLhlIJ7Q" data-element-type="column" class="zpelem-col zpcol-12 zpcol-md-12 zpcol-sm-12 zpalign-self- "><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_RGCsUD8vRM2utwBU3hdfhw" data-element-type="text" class="zpelement zpelem-text "><style></style><div class="zptext zptext-align-center " data-editor="true"><div><figure class="wp-block-table amazontools_table"><table><tbody><tr><td><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0374292795/ref=as_li_ss_il?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0374292795"><img src="http://ws.assoc-amazon.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&amp;Format=_SL110_&amp;ASIN=0374292795&amp;MarketPlace=US&amp;ID=AsinImage&amp;WS=1&amp;tag=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;ServiceVersion=20070822" alt="" border="0"/></a><img style="border:none !important;margin:0px !important;" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;l=as2&amp;o=1&amp;a=0374292795" alt="" width="1" height="1" border="0"/></td><td><a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/redirect.html%3FASIN=0713998784%26tag=httpwwwsepher-20%26lcode=xm2%26cID=2025%26ccmID=165953%26location=/o/ASIN/0713998784%253FSubscriptionId=1XFK01HK9NZWGPENWGG2" target="_blank">The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Globalized World in the Twenty-first Century</a><p>Thomas Friedman <br/> rating: <img src="/wp-content/uploads/star.png" alt="" width="19" height="19"/><img src="/wp-content/uploads/star.png" alt="" width="19" height="19" border="0"/><img src="/wp-content/uploads/halfstar.png" alt=""/><img src="/wp-content/uploads/blankstar.png" alt="" border="0"/><img src="/wp-content/uploads/blankstar.png" alt="" border="0"/><br/> asin: 0713998784 <br/> binding: Hardcover</p></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>&quot;May you live in interesting times.&quot; Schijnt een Chinese vloek te zijn. Maar hoe het ook zij: wij leven in interessante tijden. De computerrevolutie heeft een impact op maatschappij en psyche die aanzienlijk is, en waar we ons zelden van bewust zijn. Enkelen leggen dit verband, zoals <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Kay"> Alan Kay</a>, die misschien wel terecht de uitvinder van die moderne computer genoemd mag worden. Ik spreek regelmatig over het feit dat wij ons niet voldoende realiseren wat die uitvinding voor consequenties heeft. In een andere artikel <a href="https://blog.reflektis.nl/the-importance-of-metaphors/"> The Importance of Metaphors </a> schrijf ik meer over de relatie die ik leg met het gesproken woord in de ruimste zin van het woord. De uitvinding van de taal is waar het om gaat, en de moderne computer is niets anders dan de laatste schok die deze uitvinding bewerkstelligt.</p><p>Dit boek, geschreven door een columnist van de New York Times, maakt duidelijk dat er iets aan de hand is. En dat we met dat iets nog maar aan het begin staan. Het boek vond ik niet indrukwekkend, maar Friedman weet zijn betoog helder op te zetten met aansprekende voorbeelden. De wereld is platter aan het worden, dat houdt in dat barrières verdwijnen of niet houdbaar zijn. Veel bedrijven of naties werken aan het in stand houden van die barrières, en Friedman''s betoog zou duidelijk moeten maken dat die strijd gedoemd is te falen op den duur.</p><p>Friedman is optimistisch over de consequenties, in tegenstelling tot bijvoorbeeld David Korten in het boek <a href="https://blog.reflektis.nl/korten-david-c-het-bedrijfsleven-aan-de-macht/">Het bedrijfsleven aan de macht</a>. In die zin is Friedman een technofiel. Hij ziet de technologische ontwikkelingen als een zegen waarvan we gewoon nog niet goed begrijpen hoe die toe te passen. Dat er ethische, maatschappelijke en politieke gevolgen zijn wordt door hem nauwelijks aangesneden, en is ook denk ik niet zijn doel met dit boek.</p></div></div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div> ]]></content:encoded><pubDate>Sat, 07 Jul 2007 15:00:39 +0200</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[Korten, David C.: Het bedrijfsleven aan de macht]]></title><link>https://www.reflektis.nl/blogs/post/korten-david-c-het-bedrijfsleven-aan-de-macht</link><description><![CDATA[When Corporations Rule the World (Kumarian Press Books for a World That Works) author: David C. Korten rating: asin: 1887208003 binding: Hardcover Kort ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="zpcontent-container blogpost-container "><div data-element-id="elm_5kGf0ALDQzuyzK29R8JC6Q" data-element-type="section" class="zpsection "><style type="text/css"></style><div class="zpcontainer-fluid zpcontainer"><div data-element-id="elm_IPMjr3SRRAGXisAZCGivpw" data-element-type="row" class="zprow zprow-container zpalign-items- zpjustify-content- " data-equal-column=""><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_JS1pyf8lQwC_PePOTC27BQ" data-element-type="column" class="zpelem-col zpcol-12 zpcol-md-12 zpcol-sm-12 zpalign-self- "><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_ECS_OcJQRCiOhhrDHwEZMg" data-element-type="text" class="zpelement zpelem-text "><style></style><div class="zptext zptext-align-center " data-editor="true"><div><figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1887208003/ref=as_li_qf_sp_asin_il?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399377&amp;creativeASIN=1887208003"><img src="http://ws.assoc-amazon.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&amp;Format=_SL160_&amp;ASIN=1887208003&amp;MarketPlace=US&amp;ID=AsinImage&amp;WS=1&amp;tag=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;ServiceVersion=20070822" alt="" border="0"/></a><img style="border:none !important;margin:0px !important;" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;l=as2&amp;o=1&amp;a=1887208003&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399377" alt="" width="1" height="1" border="0"/></td><td><p><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1887208003/ref=as_li_qf_sp_asin_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399377&amp;creativeASIN=1887208003">When Corporations Rule the World (Kumarian Press Books for a World That Works)</a><img style="border:none !important;margin:0px !important;" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;l=as2&amp;o=1&amp;a=1887208003&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399377" alt="" width="1" height="1" border="0"/>author: David C. Korten <br/> rating:<img src="/wp-content/uploads/star.png" alt="" border="0"/><img src="/wp-content/uploads/star.png" alt="" border="0"/><img src="/wp-content/uploads/star.png" alt="" border="0"/><img src="/wp-content/uploads/star.png" alt="" border="0"/><img src="/wp-content/uploads/blankstar.png" alt="" border="0"/></p><p>asin: 1887208003 <br/> binding: Hardcover</p></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>Korten is een Amerikaanse econoom. Hij gaf o.a. les aan de Harvard Business School. Momenteel is hij vooral actief voor het People-Centered Development Forum (<a href="http://www.pcdf.org/">http://www.pcdf.org</a>) en het International Forum on Globalization (<a href="http://www.ifg.org/">http://www.ifg.org</a>). Hij is ook één van de inhoudelijke kopstukken achter de anti-globalisation movement (dat op zichzelf een global movement is natuurlijk, maar dat terzijde). <br/> Een boek als een schop tegen een been. Goed, want het schudt je wakker. Ik heb een aantal historische beelden bij moeten stellen bij het lezen van dit boek, onder andere wat ik meende te weten van de vrije markteconomie. Ik kan mij herinneren dat ik door enkele vrienden gewezen werd op Ayn Rand, en via haar en het libertarisme op wat ik uitwassen van het liberalisme noem. Korten laat er niet veel van heel, en sommige van zijn argumenten zijn niet veel anders dan de argumenten die ik kon bedenken. Maar hij heeft er veel meer. Niet altijd even goed onderbouwd. Ik vind veel van zijn statements wat goedkoop aandoen. Statistiek is sowieso een onbetrouwbaar medium, en waar Korten zijn tegenstanders van beticht is hij zelf ook niet vies van.</p><p>Een aspect dat erg uitstraalt van het boek vind ik is het doemdenken. We gaan de verkeerde kant op, het is één en al kommer en kwel. Ik kan moeilijk bezwaar maken tegen zijn constateringen in deze, omdat ik niet anders kan dan accepteren dat hij veel meer ellende van dichtbij heeft meegemaakt dan ik in mijn relatief beschermde leventje. Vooral in het begin van dit boek had ik moeite met de dreigende toon.</p><p>Korten legt veel neer bij &quot;grotere&quot; machten: de internationale bedrijven. De macht van het individu, en met name het vermogen van mensen om nieuwe samenwerkingsvormen te vinden, wordt in mijn beleving onderbelicht. Het is geen optimistisch boek. Ik daarentegen ben een pathologisch optimist. Ik kan er niets aan doen dat ik de doordachte strategieën van het bedrijfsleven om hun producten te slijten niet kan zien als internationale samenzweringen die ten koste van de leefbaarheid en de harmonie hun eigen doelen nastreven, maar als een voorbeeld van de ontzagwekkende creativiteit die mensen aan de dag leggen wanneer hun een probleem wordt voorgelegd. Ik kan mij voorstellen dat ik werk voor een groot bedrijf, en dat ik mij de vraag stel: op welke wijze kan ik het succes van dit bedrijf verveelvoudigen? En dat ik dan met de in dit boek onthulde strategieën op de proppen kom. De vraag die ik me in die situatie stel is het probleem, niet de zogenaamde onmenselijke instelling. En veel mensen, ook in commerciële functies, proberen zich te bezinnen op het stellen van de juiste vragen. Ieder mens, ook een directeur van Sony, is in essentie op zoek naar geluk, voor zichzelf, maar meer nog voor zijn naasten. We kunnen onszelf verliezen, dingen doen waar we later spijt van krijgen, dat hoort bij de menselijke conditie.</p><p>Wat Korten duidelijk maakt is dat de afstand in grote bedrijven tussen de mensen die er werken, en waarvoor ze het werk doen (klanten, mensen) onnatuurlijk groot wordt, waardoor op een bijna onvermijdelijke wijze dat werk &quot;los&quot; komt te staan van de werkelijkheid. Het oorspronkelijke idee achter de vrije markt economie probeerde juist veel meer die directe relatie te behouden en daar garanties voor in te brengen in het proces. Veel kleine bedrijven, in handen van de mensen die er werken, met lokale bindingen. In plaats van grote bedrijven, waarvan eigendom en uitvoering juist gescheiden zijn geraakt. Alleen voor dit in een ander historisch perspectief plaatsen van de verhalen waarop de vrije marktideologie is gebaseerd is het boek al de moeite waard. De zogenaamde wetenschappelijke basis voor die ideologie wordt aardig weggeslagen, en dat is een goed ding.</p><p>Toch veel geleerd. Onder andere dat bedrijven een illusionaire constructie zijn. Wij zijn in deze tijd bezig bedrijven een valse identiteit aan te meten, alsof het een vorm van levende wezens zouden zijn. Met de bijbehorende grondrechten. Overheden zijn bezig om bedrijven te behandelen alsof ze beschermd moeten worden. De dwaasheid daarvan wordt door Korten flink voor het voetlicht gebracht. Grote multinationale organisaties zijn in staat om zich aan allerlei regelgeving die door staten is opgesteld om haar burgers te beschermen te onttrekken. Zij hebben meer macht en resources dan welke individuele burger dan ook om advocaten &nbsp;of lobbyisten&nbsp;te betalen. Korten argumenteert dat dit nooit de bedoeling was van het oorspronkelijke idee van een vrije markt economie (Adam Smith), een argument dat voorstanders van meer vrijheden voor bedrijven vaak aanhalen. Humoristisch vind ik zijn associatie van grote globale bedrijven met het Sovjet overheidsapparaat. Groot, log, bureaucratisch, waarin de mens als individu niet een factor in de vergelijking is.</p><p>Een mens in de context van die grote bedrijven helpen toch de juiste vragen te blijven stellen is denk ik de opgave. Wij mensen stellen denk ik van nature de groep boven ons eigen individu, ondanks de heersende overtuiging dat we in een steeds individualistischer maatschappij leven. Ik geloof daar niets van, maar dat is meer een onderwerp voor een ander artikel.</p><p>Het boek doet mij ook weer nadenken over dat merkwaardige verschijnsel economie, dat zich voordoet als een min of meer exacte wetenschap. Dat blijkt toch een stuk minder exact te zijn na lezing van dit boek.</p><p>Aanrader? Ik denk het wel, mijn wat neerbuigende houding naar de anti-globalisatie beweging is door het boek flink bijgesteld. Ik denk dat het nodig is ons bewust te zijn wat er gaande is bij deze nieuwe levensvormen: globale bedrijven. En voldoende munitie te verzamelen om in staat te zijn de juiste vragen te blijven stellen. Van deze auteur ga ik zeker de andere producten lezen.</p></div></div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div> ]]></content:encoded><pubDate>Sat, 07 Jul 2007 14:59:35 +0200</pubDate></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Importance of Metaphors]]></title><link>https://www.reflektis.nl/blogs/post/the-importance-of-metaphors</link><description><![CDATA[Metaphors have a profound impact on the effectiveness (or lack of it...) of your solutions. Especially for business modelling the choice of the right ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="zpcontent-container blogpost-container "><div data-element-id="elm_wzgh2qZwRYyk3K4huanYoQ" data-element-type="section" class="zpsection "><style type="text/css"></style><div class="zpcontainer-fluid zpcontainer"><div data-element-id="elm_yEUYbVHhT0WbRmq_bv5k_g" data-element-type="row" class="zprow zprow-container zpalign-items- zpjustify-content- " data-equal-column=""><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_EnxPhmowQ5WjbpoX-3GnRw" data-element-type="column" class="zpelem-col zpcol-12 zpcol-md-12 zpcol-sm-12 zpalign-self- "><style type="text/css"></style><div data-element-id="elm_YAwPjVCtRAOGcwrREQ4arg" data-element-type="text" class="zpelement zpelem-text "><style></style><div class="zptext zptext-align-center " data-editor="true"><div><p class="has-drop-cap">Metaphors have a profound impact on the effectiveness (or lack of it...) of your solutions. Especially for business modelling the choice of the right metaphor can have benefits you would not have expected. This is because modelling in general and business modelling especially suffers from symptoms caused by an endemic use of the wrong metaphors.</p><p>The unconscious use of metaphors is detrimental, and handicaps us in exploiting the possibilities a specific technology or invention offers, to be creative, find new ways of using them, but also hinders us in realising the negative effects it might have, and the ethical and political implications.</p><p>This article describes the role of metaphors and how insight in how they function can help you in become a better modeller.</p><p>Metaphors offer significant insight in the spirit of the time (<em>&quot;Zeitgeist&quot;</em>). For many years the prevailing metaphor has been mechanical: <em>the clock</em> (from Roman time) and the <em>steam engine</em>.</p><p>To illustrate the pervasiveness of metaphors, when the steam engine became popular, and industrialisation ruled western society, the tendency was to view everything as steam engines or machines. Textbooks on the digestive system explained the workings of the intestines in terms of a factory. The working of the brain was explained as mechanic. In a way this is still the case now.</p><p>This metaphor is starting to become more and more of a hindrance for real changes in the way we use new technologies like the web and pervasive computing (or ubiquitous computing). Like an article in the ACM Sigplan Notices tries to show a significant change in the way we think is required if we want to reap these benefits. The von Neumann architecture of computer hardware is based on the old sequential and mechanical metaphor. It is extremely difficult for example, with this prevailing mindset, to write software programs that utilise the possibilities of massive parallel computing. John von Neumann in <a href="http://www.virtualtravelog.net/entries/2003-08-TheFirstDraft.pdf">his fundamental paper (1945) on the architecture of a computer</a>, basically defines a computer in two parts: a processing unit, and a memory unit. Data is fetched from the memory, placed in the processing unit, processed (that is, mutated, combined, or whatever algorithm) and put back into memory. And this in an endless and ever speedier cycle. Modern computers are still built using this architecture, although the speed with which they go through this cycle has grown exponentially (Moore’s Law). As I try to argue in <a href="https://blog.reflektis.nl/sequential-thinking-coming-to-an-end/">another white paper</a> , this sequential mindset is also prevailing in the way we model organisations. This is important, because we need tools to describe the world in another way than we used to do. Our old tools and languages are not up to the challenge. Language determines, as <a title="Benjamin Lee Whorf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Lee_Whorf">Benjamin Lee Whorf</a> stated in his hypothesis of <a title="Linguistic relativity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity">linguistic relativity</a> (see below for the book), the behaviour and the habits of thinking of that culture. Even, as for example General Semantics stated (see below), language determines the physical structure of our brain. An interesting modern book on the co-evolution of language and the brain is <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0393317544/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0393317544&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;linkId=FAVIP3B525QBBZE3">The Symbolic Species: The Co-evolution of Language and the Brain</a>. In evolutionary theories there always is the problem how man evolved from some kind of pre-human animal-like state, and this book successfully argues that the development of symbolic thinking could be one of the main driving forces in this critical change.</p><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-exponential-evolution">Exponential evolution</h2><p>My thesis is that this revolution was the first in a sequence of equivalent revolutions, which are:</p><ol><li>(birth of life - 10,000,000,000 years ago)</li><li>symbolic thinking and the birth of speech - 1,000,000 years ago</li><li>symbolic imaging or the birth of writing - 5,000 years ago</li><li>symbolic shared repositories or the invention of the printing press - 500 years ago</li><li>symbolic web or the invention of the modern computer - 50 years ago</li></ol><p>In a way these shifts can also be seen as transcending time and space limitations. Language enabled human beings to tell stories about what happened to them in the past. Writing enabled them to do this but transcending space as well because writing was persistent, although it still was mostly a one-to-one communication. Printing enabled us to do this one-to-many. And the web offers us all this instantly.</p><p>These paradigm shifts show an interesting exponential curve... These inventions all initiated a paradigm shift, but the necessary re-evaluation of the previous stages lagged behind or was simply omitted. So, this being the case, is there anything we can do to change the way we look at the world, to change the way we think?</p><p>Well, a way to accomplish this is through changing the metaphors we use to tackle the problems we encounter. Or, in other words: to describe the world using another language.</p><p>For this, I would like to recommend a few interesting publications. Some can be downloaded from this site.</p><hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity"/><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-linguistic-determinism-benjamin-lee-whorf">Linguistic Determinism: Benjamin Lee Whorf</h2><figure class="wp-block-image alignleft size-full"><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/41SLJ7vwOL._SX331_BO1204203200_.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-11871"/></figure><p>Benjamin Lee Whorf has done extensive research in native North American languages, and his writings attempt to share with us the amazing links he suspects between language and our beliefs, cultural patterns etcetera.</p><p>Especially the fact that in western languages, which are subject-predicate based, it is possible to label things or other human beings, is something that struck him. He views this as a possible cause of many problems in communication.</p><p>We can say for example that &quot;you are a bad person&quot;. This (i.e. &quot;bad person&quot;) is a label, synonymous with what Korzybski (see the book below) calls a <em>label</em>. It creates a distance, a gap, between the person stating this, and the labeled object. In many indigenous languages it is simply not possible to state something this way. In North American languages, he argues, the closest statement would be something like &quot;I experience aversion when dealing with you&quot;.</p><p>Often this aspect of indigenous languages is called &quot;animism&quot;, but Whorf argues that something more profound is happening here. People simply do not create the artificial distance between themselves and the subject, and their language makes it impossible or at least very difficult to express this distance which in western languages is so embedded in the language itself.</p><hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity"/><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-general-semantics-alfred-korzybski">General Semantics: Alfred Korzybski</h2><figure class="wp-block-image alignleft size-full"><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/41HQwXsWMEL._AC_UY436_QL65_.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-11869"/></figure><p>This book might be very relevant in our time, since we are experiencing many cultural and religious clashing, which might be related to linguistic problems. We are all human beings, after all, and many of the differences we so hotly debate might be more artificial than we realise...</p><p>This is really an amazing book that connects the brain structure, language, and science with each other.</p><p>An influential book (dating from 1924!) that helped many great thinkers, whether they acknowledge it or not. Many insights can be gleaned from this book, one of which is on the value (and dangers) of models, something I deal with all the time in my work as an architect.</p><p><a href="https://blog.reflektis.nl/lossless-modeling/">The Structural Differential</a> can be used to help our minds in the appropriate application of modelling. The principles behind the discipline of General Semantics are especially applicable in a science that deals with complexity which is basically what computer science is.</p><hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity"/><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-null-a-a-e-van-vogt">Null-A: A.E. van Vogt</h2><figure class="wp-block-image alignleft size-full is-resized"><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/51B4AiJmZCL._SX327_BO1204203200_-1.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-12825" style="width:213px;height:auto;"/></figure><p>The book came to my attention when I was 15. I was (and still am) an avid science fiction reader, and read the book by A.E. van Vogt, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0765300974/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=httpwwwsepher-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399377&amp;creativeASIN=0765300974">The World of Null-A</a>. The story was based on Korzybski’s theories, extrapolating them into a future when his theories would be the basis of society. At the time it took me quite a bit of research to get Korzybski's book, but now we are living in an age when this is much simpler, and I invite you to read it.</p><p></p><p></p><hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity"/><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-mind-as-an-ecology-gregory-bateson">The mind as an ecology: Gregory Bateson</h2><figure class="wp-block-image alignleft size-full is-resized"><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/41RAU3PyqWL._SX318_BO1204203200_-1.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-12826" style="width:335px;height:auto;"/></figure><p>This book explains exactly what I am trying to tell most of the time: thought and mind can be understood better using another metaphor — the metaphor Gregory Bateson is using is that of the <em>biological world</em>, the ecological metaphor. Not many people in software engineering know that Gregory Bateson is one of the inventors of cybernetics, next to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a>. In fact it is a sign of the detrimental state of professionalism in the world of software development and computer science that I have never met a software engineer who knew Gregory Bateson if only by name, except once. Bateson was married to <a title="Margaret Mead Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story ..." href="http://www.biography.com/people/margaret-mead-9404056">Margaret Mead</a>, probably better known to many people, an anthropologist who became famous from her work on Samoan people and especially their sexuality.</p><p>The book is basically a selection of papers on the way our mind works. Some of the papers are written in the form of a dialog between Gregory and his young daughter, an absolutely delightful read.</p><p>The interesting notion, for me, about using the ecological metaphor to understand the way our minds work, is that it is based on complex networks and not on the mechanical clockwork metaphor which breaks down under complexity (good for clocks, but not for computers!).</p><hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity"/><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-out-of-control-kevin-kelly">Out of Control: Kevin Kelly</h2><figure class="wp-block-image alignleft size-full"><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/51ZawaPH9JL._SX328_BO1204203200_-1.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-12827"/></figure><p>This book shows many practical applications of the theoretical foundation laid out in above publications. It is nothing more than a mind-shattering story of the revolutionary implications. Based again on the metaphor of biology it contains many contemporary examples of the consequences of this metaphor in practical applications.</p><p>A story from the book I often tell is the report of a CHI conference in 1991, where the audience was blasted by an experience the attendees still talk about. The demo started with giving all attendees (numbering about 3000) a wand which is green on one side and red on the other. A game of Pong starts up on a large screen in the auditorium. The audience is asked to attempt to control the game by waving the wand with either the green or red side up. A video camera counts the red and green wands and uses the distribution as input for some algorithm. Without knowing what exactly the effect is of moving the green or red side up of their individual wand, in about ten minutes the audience was able to play a game of Pong no individual has ever been able to play in terms of speed and number of balls!</p><p>But it only got worse! Next, the audience was supposed to control the landing and takeoff of a Boeing 747 in a flight simulator program. In again about ten minutes the audience was able to do this (try this at home: you will need days to master this complex task, which requires a discrete and defined number of sub-tasks). And I repeat: none of the attendees was consciously aware of what they were doing!</p><h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-random-behaviour">Random behaviour?</h3><figure class="wp-block-image alignleft size-full"><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/termites.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-12163"/></figure><p>In fact, there is an intriguing notion of random behaviour that I find interesting. I often talk about another area where randomness plays a seeming dominant role, that is the building of a termite hill (or an ant hill). Thousands of termites swarm to build a sometimes gigantic hill. Observing the behaviour of individual termites is puzzling: they seem to run around, sometimes with a grain of sand, without any plan or purpose.</p><p>But the net effect of these thousands (3000+) of termites is a hill that, on the inside, has some astonishing properties. The energy efficiency for example approaches the 100% — the hill, although located in the desert where daytime temperatures can rise high and night temperatures can sink below freezing point, has a constant inside temperature of 37 degrees Celsius (our own body temperature). No human engineer is able to reproduce this level of efficiency. And these termites behave ... randomly!</p><p>Another observation is the inside of the hill. On the outside it looks, well, random. But on the inside, as has been observed with optical cables, the hill reveals a truly amazing beauty and elegance. This elegance is not coincidental, as I often argue: we have a highly evolved sense for aesthetical properties, and these properties contain a plenitude of information that cannot be conveyed otherwise.</p><hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity"/><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-metaobjects-gregor-kiczales">Metaobjects: Gregor Kiczales</h2><figure class="wp-block-image alignleft size-full"><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/519XFLDdCuL._SX384_BO1204203200_.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-11877"/></figure><p>As Alan Kay said in his keynote speech in OOPSLA ’97 &quot;...this is the most important book relevant to software engineering in the last decade ... if only it were not so LISP oriented ...&quot;</p><figure class="wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">https://youtu.be/oKg1hTOQXoY</div>
</figure><p>This is a book with a profound meaning, but you need to know some LISP to get access to this meaning! We know from UML for example how important metamodelling is - and we also know from UML how extremely difficult it is to do properly. Barely a handful of people are qualified to do this properly, I think of Jim Odell or Chris Kobryn.</p><p>This book shows that object-orientation is phenomenally powerful in coping with complexity. No other invention (with Alan Kay as one of the inventors) has shown to even come close. But the book also shows that the power of this language is something only a select few seem to be able to tap. Interesting to know maybe is that Gregor is one of the people who started <a href="http://aosd.net/">Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP)</a> while still working for Xerox PARC, which is becoming a standard toolbox addition in many computer languages such as Java and Smalltalk.</p><hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity"/><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-as-we-may-think-vannevar-bush">As We May Think: Vannevar Bush</h2><figure class="uk-thumbnail wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/v_bush.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-12172"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"> Vannevar Bush: <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881/">As We May Think</a></figcaption></figure><p>There is no way to measure the immense influence this paper has had on the computer revolution. There are reasons to assume it is profound: people like Doug Englebart (the co-inventor of the mouse and hypertext and the first application to work with these ideas, HyperCard), Norbert Wiener, John von Neumann (the inventor of the &quot;von Neumann architecture&quot; of computer hardware) and Claude Shannon (the inventor of information theory) are among those whose work is influenced heavily by this visionary paper.</p><hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity"/><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Jan Hendrik van den Berg: Metabletica</h2><figure class="wp-block-image alignleft size-full"><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/berg097meta01_01_tpg.gif" alt="" class="wp-image-11906"/></figure><p>Professor van den Berg was a Dutch psychiatrist whose books on metabletics have made him the most translated Dutch writer (although almost nobody knows this!). In spite of some of his controversial views on foreign cultures, I think his books are really amazing. He analyses history, science, and psychology in a truly <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenology">phenomenological</a> way.</p><p>I am collecting his writings, so if you have a copy you want to sell (or donate...) let me know.</p><p>The most stunning observations are drawn from just noticing strange coincidences in history, such as the invention of photography and the train. One of his more intriguing statements in the book on Depth Psychology (Dieptepsychologie) is that what is regarded as a scientific fact, namely that human psychology is divided in a conscious and a subconscious part, made popular by Freud, is a cultural phenomenon instead of a human trait. In the Middle Ages there was no subconsciousness, and in our current time it is disappearing again. Jan Hendrik van den Berg is one of my great inspirators.</p><hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity"/><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Everything is Linked: Albert-László Barabási</h2><figure class="wp-block-image alignleft size-full"><img src="https://blog.reflektis.nl/wp-content/uploads/41F9P8TL81L._SX331_BO1204203200_.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-11868"/></figure><p>As the author at the end of the book states, the 21st century will be the century of networks, that is networks will be the leading metaphor for the near future.</p><p>This books explains the theory of graphs, starting with an extremely funny introduction around the eccentric figure of Paul Erdös. But this is only the starting point of a journey around the central idea that everything is linked, and that there is an emerging set of properties from this linkage. To use sound science to show the implications is what makes this book attractive. The author knows how to present the problems in a scientifically sound way.</p><p>The book made me realise that we are living in an age that is seeing fundamental paradigm shifts, probably not realised by contemporaries.</p></div></div>
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